In ancient times, the Greeks held one of their most important festivals, the Olympic games, in honor of the King of their gods, Zeus. They held it in the shrine of Zeus located near the west edge of Greece in a city called Peloponnesus. As the games became more popular, everyone felt that they needed a new, larger temple that was worthy to the King of the Gods. So between 470 and 460 BC, Libon of Elis began constructing his masterpiece, The Temple of Zeus. The temple was considered one of the best examples of the Doric design because of its style and the quality of the workmanship.The temple was built on a raised rectangular platform. Thirteen large columns supported the roof along the sides and six supported it on each end. A gently peaked roof topped the building. The triangles created by the sloped roofat the ends of the building were filled with sculpture.
A famous sculptor named Phidias was commissioned for making a magnificient statue of Zeus. The statue of Zeus was made of ivory and gold over a wooden frame. It was 22 feet by 40 feet tall. The temple attracted visitors and worshippers from all over the world. However, after the Olympic Games was banned in 391 AD, the temple of Zeus was closed.
Earthquakes, landslides and floods damaged the temple in the fifth century AD. The statue had been earlier transported by wealthy Greeks to a palace in Constantinople (now Istanbul). Unfirtunately a fire of 462AD destroyed it. Today nothing remains at the site of the old temple except rocks and debris, the foundation of the buildings and fallen columns.
The pyramids of Egypt do not require speculations concerning its appearance, size and shape. It is the oldest, yet it is the only surving of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the world. Ancient Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for the pharaohs and their queens. After a ruler died, his or her body was carefully treated and wrapped to preserve it as a mummy. According to ancient Egyptian beliefs, the pyramid, where the mummy was placed, provided a place for the monarch to pass into the afterlife.
The great Sphinx is a large human-headed lion that was carved from a mound of a natural rock. It is located in Giza where it guards in front of Khafra’s pyramid.
